Several factors continue to hold Muslim societies back from economic development and growth – trading relations are still mainly with the former colonial or Western states which increases dependency on them.

An examination of some Muslim majority nation states and their trade relationships highlights just how dependent they have become on the West.

It is important that Muslim minorities in Europe and elsewhere are linked through trade to each other and the wider Muslim world.

They have the potential to be the stimulus for greater inter-connectivity.

Read more about it and the potential solutions in our research paper at https://ayaaninstitute.com/research